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260 mhz, 16 5 buffered video crosspoint switches ad8106/ad8107 rev. 0 information furnished by analog devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. however, no responsibility is assumed by analog devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that may result from its use. specifications subject to change without notice. no license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of analog devices. trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. one technology way, p.o. box 9106, norwood, ma 02062-9106, u.s.a. tel: 781.329.4700 www.analog.com fax: 781.461.3113 ?2006 analog devices, inc. all rights reserved. features 16 5 high speed, nonblocking switch arrays ad8106: g = 1, ad8107: g = 2 pin compatible with ad8110 / ad8111 , 16 8 switch arrays for a 16 16 array, see ad8114 / ad8115 for a 16 x 8 array, see ad8110 / ad8111 complete solution buffered inputs five output amplifiers drives 150 loads excellent video performance 60 mhz 0.1 db gain flatness 0.02% differential gain error (r l = 150 ) 0.028 differential phase error (r l = 150 ) excellent ac performance ?3 db bandwidth > 260 mhz 500 v/ s slew rate low power of 50 ma low all-hostile crosstalk of ?78 db @ 5 mhz output disable allows connection of multiple device outputs reset pin allows disabling of all outputs excellent esd rating: exceeds 4000 v human body model 80-lead lqfp (12 mm 12 mm) applications routing of high speed signals including: composite video (ntsc, pal, s, secam) component video (yuv, rgb) compressed video (mpeg, wavelet) 3-level digital video (hdb3) functional block diagram ad8106/ad8107 output buffer g = 1, g = 2 25 25 80 25-bit register (rank 1) parallel latch (rank 2) decode 5 5:16 decoders 5 clk update ce reset 16 inputs a0 5 outputs set individual or reset all outputs to off a1 a2 d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 05774-001 enable/disable switch matrix figure 1. general description the ad8106 and ad8107 are high speed, 16 5 video crosspoint switch matrices. they offer a ?3 db signal bandwidth greater than 260 mhz, and channel switch times of less than 25 ns with 1% settling. with ?78 db of crosstalk and ? 97 db isolation (@ 5 mhz), the ad8106/ad8107 are useful in many high speed applications. the differential gain and differential phase of greater than 0.02% and 0.02 respectively, along with 0.1 db flatness out to 60 mhz, make the ad8106/ad8107 ideal for video signal switching. the ad8106 and ad8107 include five independent output buffers that can be placed into a high impedance state for parallel- ing crosspoint outputs, preventing off channels from loading the output bus. the ad8106 has a gain of 1, while the ad8107 offers a gain of 2. both operate on voltage supplies of 5 v while consuming only 30 ma of idle current. the channel switching is performed via a parallel control, allowing updating of an individual output without reprogramming the entire array. the ad8106/ad8107 are offered in an 80-lead lqfp and are available over the extended industrial temperature range of ?40c to +85c.
ad8106/ad8107 rev. 0 | page 2 of 28 table of contents features .............................................................................................. 1 applications ....................................................................................... 1 functional block diagram .............................................................. 1 general description ......................................................................... 1 revision history ............................................................................... 2 specifications ..................................................................................... 3 timing characteristics ................................................................ 5 absolute maximum ratings ............................................................ 6 maximum power dissipation ..................................................... 6 esd caution .................................................................................. 6 pin configuration and function descriptions ............................. 8 i/o schematics .................................................................................. 9 typical performance characteristics ........................................... 10 theory of operation ...................................................................... 16 power-on reset .......................................................................... 16 initialization ................................................................................ 16 gain selection ............................................................................. 16 creating larger crosspoint arrays .......................................... 16 crosstalk ...................................................................................... 18 pcb layout ................................................................................. 19 evaluation board ............................................................................ 21 controlling the evaluation board from a pc ......................... 25 data-line overshoot on printer ports .................................... 25 outline dimensions ....................................................................... 27 ordering guide .......................................................................... 27 revision history 3/06revision 0: initial version
ad8106/ad8107 rev. 0 | page 3 of 28 specifications v s = 5 v, t a = 25c, r l = 1 k, unless otherwise noted. table 1. parameter conditions min typ max unit reference dynamic performance ?3 db bandwidth 200 mv p-p, r l = 150 300/190 390/260 mhz figure 10 , figure 16 2 v p-p, r l = 150 150 mhz figure 10 , figure 16 propagation delay 2 v p-p, r l = 150 5 ns slew rate 2 v step, r l = 150 500 v/s settling time 0.1%, 2 v step, r l = 150 40 ns figure 15 , figure 21 gain flatness 0.05 db, 200 mv p-p, r l = 150 60/40 mhz figure 10 , figure 16 0.05 db, 2 v p-p, r l = 150 65/40 mhz figure 10 , figure 16 0.1 db, 200 mv p-p, r l = 150 80/57 mhz figure 10 , figure 16 0.1 db, 2 v p-p, r l = 150 70/57 mhz figure 10 , figure 16 noise/distortion performance differential gain error ntsc or pal, r l = 1 k 0.01 % ntsc or pal, r l = 150 0.02 % differential phase error ntsc or pal, r l = 1 k 0.01 degrees ntsc or pal, r l = 150 0.02 degrees crosstalk, all hostile f = 5 mhz 78/85 db figure 11 , figure 17 f = 10 mhz 70/80 db figure 11 , figure 17 off isolation, input/output f = 10 mhz, r l = 150 , one channel 93/99 db figure 26 , figure 32 input voltage noise 0.01 mhz to 50 mhz 15 nv/hz figure 23 , figure 29 dc performance gain error r l = 1 k 0.04/0.1 0.07/0.5 % r l = 150 0.15/0.25 % gain matching no load, channel-to-channel 0.02/1.0 % r l = 1 k, channel-to-channel 0.09/1.0 % gain temperature coefficient 0.5/8 ppm/c output characteristics output impedance dc, enabled 0.2 figure 27 , figure 33 disabled 10/0.001 m figure 24 , figure 30 output disable capacitance disabled 2 pf output leakage current disabled, ad8106 only 1/na a output voltage range no load 2.5 3 v output current 20 40 ma short-circuit current 65 ma input characteristics input offset voltage worst case (all configurations) 5 20 mv figure 38 , figure 44 temperature coefficient 12 v/c figure 39 , figure 45 input voltage range 2.5/1.25 3/1.5 v input capacitance any switch configuration 2.5 pf input resistance 1 10 m input bias current per output selected 2 5 a switching characteristics enable on time 60 ns switching time, 2 v step 50% update to 1% settling 25 ns switching transient (glitch) measured at output 20/30 mv p-p figure 25 , figure 31
ad8106/ad8107 rev. 0 | page 4 of 28 parameter conditions min typ max unit reference power supplies supply current avcc, outputs enabled, no load 30 ma avcc, outputs disabled 15 ma avee, outputs enabled, no load 30 ma avee, outputs disabled 15 ma dvcc 11 ma supply voltage range 4.5 to 5.5 v psrr f = 100 khz 75/78 db figure 22 , figure 28 f = 1 mhz ?55/?58 db operating temperature temperature range operating (still air) ?40 to +85 c ja operating (still air) 48 c/w
ad8106/ad8107 rev. 0 | page 5 of 28 timing characteristics table 2. parameter limit at t min , t unit description max t 1 20 ns min data setup time t 100 ns min clk pulse width 2 t 20 ns min data hold time 3 t 100 ns min clk pulse separation 4 t 5 0 ns min clk to update delay t 6 50 ns min update pulse width C 8 ns max propagation delay, update to switch on or off C 100 ns max clk, update rise and fall times C 200 ns min reset time 1 0 1 0 1 = latched clk d0 to d4 a0 to a2 0 = transparent update t 5 t 6 t 2 t 1 t 3 t 4 05774-002 figure 2. timing diagram table 3. logic levels v ih v i il ih i il reset , clk, d0, d1, d2, d3, d4, a0, a1, a2, ce , update reset , clk, d0, d1, d2, d3, d4, a0, a1, a2, ce , update reset , clk, d0, d1, d2, d3, d4, a0, a1, a2, reset , clk, d0, d1, d2, d3, d4, a0, a1, a2, ce , update ce , update 2.0 v min 0.8 v max 20 a max ?400 a min
ad8106/ad8107 rev. 0 | page 6 of 28 absolute maximum ratings table 4. maximum power dissipation parameter rating the maximum power that can be safely dissipated by the ad8106/ad8107 is limited by the associated rise in junction temperature. the maximum safe junction temperature for plastic encapsulated devices is determined by the glass transition temperature of the plastic, approximately 150c. temporarily exceeding this limit can cause a shift in parametric performance due to a change in the stresses exerted on the die by the package. supply voltage 12.0 v internal power dissipation ad8106/ad8107 80-lead lqfp (st-80-1) 2.6 w input voltage v s output short-circuit duration observe power derating curves ja 48c/w operating temperature range ?40c to 85c storage temperature range ?65c to +125c exceeding a junction temperature of 175c for an extended period can result in device failure. lead temperature (soldering 10 sec) 300c stresses above those listed under absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. this is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. while the ad8106/ad8107 is internally short-circuit protected, this may not be sufficient to guarantee that the maximum junction temperature (150c) is not exceeded under all conditions. to ensure proper operation, it is necessary to observe the maximum power derating curves shown in figure 3 . ambient temperature (c) 5 maximum power dissip a tion (w) 4 0 ?50 80 ?40 ?30 ?20 ?10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 3 2 1 90 t j = 150c 05774-003 figure 3. maximum power dissipation vs. temperature esd caution esd (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. electros tatic charges as high as 4000 v readily accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge wi thout detection. although this product features proprietary esd protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on devices subjected to high energy electrostatic discharges. therefore, proper esd precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality.
ad8106/ad8107 rev. 0 | page 7 of 28 table 5. operation truth table ce update clk data in data out reset operation/comment 1 x x x x x no change in logic. 0 1 1 f d0 d4 a0 a2 na in parallel mode the data on the parallel data lines, d0 to d4, are loaded into the 40-bit serial shift register location addressed by a0 to a2. 0 0 x x x 1 data in the 40-bit shift register transfers into the parallel latches that control the switch array. latches are transparent. x x x x x 0 asynchronous operation. all outputs are disabled. remainder of logic is unchanged. d clk q 3 to 5 decoder a0 a1 a2 clk ce update 5 80 (output enable) parallel data d1 d2 d3 output enable switch matrix d0 d4 05774-004 d le out0 b0 q d clk q d le out0 b1 q d clk q d le out0 b2 q d clk q d le out0 b3 q d clk q d le out1 b0 q d clk q d le out3 en q clr d clk q d le out4 b0 q d clk q d le out4 b1 q d clk q d le out4 b2 q d clk q d le out4 b3 q out0 en out1 en out2 en out3 en out4 en reset (output disable) d clk q d le out0 en q clr d clk q d le out4 en clr decode q figure 4. logic diagram
ad8106/ad8107 rev. 0 | page 8 of 28 pin configuration and fu nction descriptions 80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 56 57 58 59 54 55 52 53 50 51 60 45 46 47 48 43 44 42 49 41 5 4 3 2 7 6 9 8 1 11 10 16 15 14 13 18 17 20 19 12 40 39 38 37 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 36 dgnd dvcc in07 agnd in06 agnd in05 agnd in04 agnd in03 agnd in02 agnd in01 agnd in00 dvcc dgnd reset agnd avee nc agnd avcc nc agnd avee04 out04 agnd04 a vcc03/04 out03 agnd03 avee02/03 out02 agnd02 a vcc01/02 out01 agnd01 ce reserved clk reserved update reserved a0 a1 a2 d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 agnd avee avcc avcc00 agnd00 out00 in08 a gnd in09 a gnd in10 a gnd in11 a gnd in12 a gnd in13 a gnd in14 a gnd in15 a gnd avee avcc avcc nc avee00/01 ad8106/ad8107 16 5 80l lqfp (12mm 12mm) top view (pins down) 0.5mm lead pitch 05774-010 pin 1 indicator figure 5. 80-lead plastic lqfp table 6. pin function descriptions pin no. mnemonic description inxx analog inputs; xx = channel numbers 00 through 15. 64 , 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 58 clk clock, ttl compatible. falling edge triggered. 56 update enable (transparent) low. allows serial register to connect directly to switch matrix. data latched when high. 61 reset disable outputs, active low. 60 ce chip enable, enable low. must be low to clock in and latch data. 41, 38, 35, 32, 29 outyy analog outputs; yy = channel numbers 00 through 04. agnd analog ground for inputs and switch matrix. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 21, 24, 27, 46, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77 63, 79 dvcc 5 v for digital circuitry. 62, 80 dgnd ground for digital circuitry. 17, 22, 45 avee ?5 v for inputs and switch matrix. 18, 19, 25, 44 avcc +5 v for inputs and switch matrix. 42, 39, 36, 33, 30 agndxx ground for output amp; xx = output channel numbers 00 through 07. must be connected. 43, 37, 31, 22 avccxx/yy +5 v for output amplifier. shared by channel numbers xx and yy. must be connected. 40, 34, 28 aveexx/yy ?5 v for output amplifier. shared by channel numbers xx and yy. must be connected. 54 a0 parallel data input, tt l compatible (output select lsb). 53 a1 parallel data input, ttl compatible (output select). 52 a2 parallel data input, tt l compatible (output select msb). 51 d0 parallel data input, tt l compatible (input select lsb). 50 d1 parallel data input, ttl compatible (input select). 49 d2 parallel data input, ttl compatible (input select). 48 d3 parallel data input, tt l compatible (input select msb). 47 d4 parallel data input, ttl compatible (output enable).
ad8106/ad8107 rev. 0 | page 9 of 28 i/o schematics esd esd input v cc av ee 05774-005 esd esd dgnd reset v cc 20k? 05774-007 reset figure 8. input figure 6. analog input esd esd input v cc dgnd 05774-008 esd esd av ee v cc output 1k? (ad8107 only) 05774-006 figure 9. logic input figure 7. analog output
ad8106/ad8107 rev. 0 | page 10 of 28 typical performance characteristics 50 25 0 ?25 ?50 05774-014 25mv/di v 25ns/div r l = 150 ? ?2 1 0 ?1 ?3 100k 1m 1g 10m 100m 0.2 0.1 0 ?0.1 ?0.2 ?0.3 2 3 0.3 4 5 gain (db) flatness (db) frequency (hz) flatness gain 2v p-p 200mv p-p r l = 150 ? 05774-011 figure 13. ad8106 step response, 100 mv step figure 10. ad8106 frequency response 1.0 0.5 0 ?0.5 ?1.0 05774-015 0.5v/di v 25ns/div r l = 150 ? ? 30 ?40 ?100 0.3 1 200 10 100 ?50 ?60 ?70 ?80 ?90 crosstalk (db) frequency (hz) r l = 1k ? adjacent all hostile 05774-012 figure 11. ad8106 crosstalk vs. frequency figure 14. ad8106 step response, 2 v step 0 1020304050607080 05774-016 0.1%/di v 10ns/div 2v = step r l = 150 ? 100k 1m 100m 10m ?100 ? 40 ?50 ?60 ?70 ?80 ?90 r l = 150 ? v out = 2v p-p 3rd harmonic 2nd harmonic distortion (db) frequency (hz) 05774-013 figure 12. ad8106 distortion vs. frequency figure 15. ad8106 settling time
ad8106/ad8107 rev. 0 | page 11 of 28 1.0 0.5 0 ?0.5 ?1.0 25mv/di v 25ns/div 05774-020 frequency (hz) ?2 1 0 ?1 ?3 100k 1m 1g 10m 100m flatness (db) 0.4 0.2 0 ?0.2 ?0.4 2 3 0.6 gain flatness ?0.6 0.8 200mv p-p ?0.8 4 5 2v p-p gain (db) 05774-017 figure 16. ad8107 frequency response figure 19. ad8107 step response, 100 mv step 1.0 0.5 ?0.5 0 ?1.0 500mv/di v 25ns/div 05774-021 ? 20 ?30 ?90 0.3 1 200 10 100 ?40 ?50 ?60 ?70 ?80 ?100 ?110 r l = 1k ? adjacent all hostile 05774-018 crosstalk (db) frequency (mhz) figure 20. ad8107 step response, 2 v step figure 17. ad8107 crosstalk vs. frequency 2v step rto r l = 150 ? 0.1%/di v 10ns/div 05774-022 0 1020304050607080 ? 30 ?40 ?100 ?50 ?60 ?70 ?80 ?90 2nd harmonic 3rd harmonic 100k 1m 10m 100m distortion (db) frequency (hz) r l = 150 ? v out = 2v p-p 05774-019 figure 21. ad8107 settling time figure 18. ad8107 distortion vs. frequency
ad8106/ad8107 rev. 0 | page 12 of 28 update input typical video out (rto) 5 4 3 2 1 0 10 ?10 0 switching between two inputs 10mv/di v 1v/div 05774-026 50ns/div 05774-023 power supply rejection ratio (db) frequency (hz) ? 30 ?40 10k 100k 10m 1m ?50 ?60 ?70 ?80 ?90 r l = 150 ? figure 22. ad8106 psrr vs. frequency figure 25. ad8106 switching transient (glitch) 100k 1m 500m 10m 100m ?50 ?60 ?70 ?80 ?90 ?100 ?110 ?120 ?130 05774-027 off isolation (db) frequency (hz) v in = 2v p-p r l = 150 ? 100.00 56.30 10 1k 10m 100k 31.60 17.80 10.00 5.630 3.16 100 10k 1m (nv/ hz) frequency (hz) 05774-024 figure 23. ad8106 voltage noise vs. frequency figure 26. ad8106 off isolation, input/output 10k 1k 100 10 1 0.1 100k 1m 500m 10m 100m 05774-028 output impedance ( ? ) frequency (hz) 1m 0.1 1 500 10 100k 10k 1k 100 100 05774-025 output impedance ( ? ) frequency (mhz) figure 24. ad8106 output impedance, disabled figure 27. ad8106 output impedance, enabled
ad8106/ad8107 rev. 0 | page 13 of 28 update input typical video out (rto) 5 4 3 2 1 0 10 ?10 0 switching between two inputs 10mv/di v 1v/div 05774-032 50ns/div 05774-029 power supply rejection ratio (db rti) frequency (hz) 10k 100k 1m 10m ? 30 ?40 ?50 ?60 ?70 ?80 r l = 150 ? figure 28. ad8107 psrr vs. frequency figure 31. ad8107 switching transient (glitch) 100.00 56.30 10 1k 10m 100k 31.60 17.80 10.00 5.63 3.16 100 10k 1m (nv/ hz) frequency (hz) 05774-030 100k 1m 500m 10m 100m ?50 ? 40 ?60 ?70 ?80 ?90 ?100 ?110 ?120 ?130 05774-033 off isolation (db) frequency (hz) ` v out = 2v p-p r l = 150 ? figure 32. ad8107 off isolation, input/output figure 29. ad8107 voltage noise vs. frequency 1k 100 10 1 0.1 100k 1m 500m 10m 100m 05774-034 output impedance ( ? ) frequency (hz) 100k 0.1 1 500 10 10k 1k 100 10 100 05774-031 output impedance ( ? ) frequency (mhz) figure 33. ad8107 output impedance, enabled figure 30. ad8107 output impedance, disabled
ad8106/ad8107 rev. 0 | page 14 of 28 v out update input 1 at +1v input 0 at ?1v 1 0 ?1 5 0 2v/di v 1v/div 05774-038 50ns/div 05774-035 input impedance ( ? ) frequency (hz) 1m 100k 10k 1k 100 10m 30k 100k 1m 10m 100m 500m figure 37. ad8106 switching time figure 34. ad8106 input impedance vs. frequency 14 12 ?4 0.1m 1m 10m 100m 1g 10 8 0 6 4 2 ?2 18pf = 7.7db 12pf = 4.5db 3g v in = 200mv p-p r l = 150 ? 05774-036 gain (db) frequency (hz) 260 60 ?0.02 ?0.01 0 0.01 240 180 160 120 80 220 200 140 100 40 20 0 0.02 05774-039 frequency offset voltage (v) figure 35. ad8106 frequency response vs. capacitive load figure 38. ad8106 offset voltage distribution 2.0 ?2.0 ?60 ?40 100 ?200 20406080 1.5 0 ?0.5 ?1.0 ?1.5 1.0 0.5 05774-040 v os (mv) temperature (c) 05774-037 flatness (db) frequency (hz) 0.7 0.6 ?0.2 0.1m 1m 10m 100m 1g 0.5 0.4 0 0.3 0.2 0.1 ?0.1 c l = 18pf c l = 12pf 3g v in = 200mv p-p r l = 150 ? figure 39. ad8106 offset voltage vs . temperature (normalized at 25c) figure 36. ad8106 flatness vs. capacitance load
ad8106/ad8107 rev. 0 | page 15 of 28 v out update input 1 at +1v input 0 at ?1v 1 0 ?1 5 0 2v/di v 1v/div 05774-044 50ns/div 30k 1m 500m 10m 100m 1m 100k 10k 1k 100 100k 10m 05774-041 input impedance ( ? ) frequency (hz) figure 40. ad8107 input impedance vs. frequency figure 43. ad8107 switching time 12 10 ?6 8 6 ?2 4 2 0 ?4 0.1m 1m 10m 100m 1g 3g 18pf 12pf 05774-042 gain (db) frequency (hz) 120 480 360 320 240 160 440 400 280 200 80 40 0 ?0.02 0.02 ?0.01 0 0.01 05774-045 frequency offset voltage (v) figure 44. ad8107 offset voltage distribution (rti) figure 41. ad8107 frequency response vs. capacitive load 0.7 0.6 ?0.1 0.5 0.4 0 0.3 0.2 0.1 ?0.2 ?0.3 0.1m 1m 10m 100m 1g 3g 12pf 18pf v in = 100mv r l = 150 ? 05774-043 gain (db) frequency (hz) 2.0 ?2.0 ?60 ?40 100 ?20 0 20 40 60 80 1.5 0 ?0.5 ?1.0 ?1.5 1.0 0.5 05774-046 v os (mv) temperature (c) figure 45. ad8107 offset voltage drift vs. temperature (normalized at 25c) figure 42. ad8107 flatness vs. capacitive load
ad8106/ad8107 rev. 0 | page 16 of 28 theory of operation the ad8106 (g = 1) and ad8107 (g = 2) share a common core architecture consisting of an array of 80 transconductance (gm) input stages that are organized as five 16:1 multiplexers with a common, 16-line analog input bus. each multiplexer is essentially a folded-cascode high speed voltage, feedback amplifier with 16 input stages. the input stages are npn differential pairs whose differential current outputs are combined at the output stage, which contains the high impedance node, compensation, and a complementary emitter follower output buffer. in the ad8106, the output of each multiplexer is fed directly back to the inverting inputs of its 16 gm stages. in the ad8107, the feedback network is a voltage divider consisting of two equal-value resistors. this switched-gm architecture results in a low power crosspoint switch that is able to directly drive a back-terminated video load (150 ) with low distortion (differential gain and differential phase errors are better than 0.02% and 0.02, respectively). this design also achieves high input resistance and low input capacitance without the signal degradation and power dissipation of additional input buffers. however, the small input bias current at any input increases almost linearly with the number of outputs programmed to that input. the output disable feature of these crosspoints allows larger switch matrices to be built simply by busing together the outputs of multiple 16 5 ics. however, while the disabled output impedance of the ad8106 is very high (10 m), the ad8107 output impedance is limited by the resistive feedback network, which has a nominal total resistance of 1 k and appears in parallel with the disabled output. if the outputs of multiple ad8107s are connected through separate back termination resistors, the loading lowers the effective back termination impedance of the overall matrix because of these finite output impedances. this problem is eliminated if the outputs of multiple ad8107s are connected directly and share a single back-termination resistor for each output of the overall matrix. this configuration increases the capacitive loading of the disabled ad8107 on the output of the enabled ad8107. power-on reset when powering up the ad8106/ad8107, it is usually necessary to have the outputs be in the disabled state. the reset pin, when taken low, causes all outputs to be in the disabled state. the reset pin has a 20 k pull-up resistor to dvdd that can be used to create a simple power-up reset circuit. a capacitor from reset to ground holds reset low for some time while the rest of the device stabilizes. the low condition causes all the outputs to disable. the capacitor then charges through the pull- up resistor to the high state, allowing full programming capability of the device. initialization the ad8106/ad8107 should be initialized after power up to control the supply and bias currents, and to make sure that no unexpected program states are encountered. initialization is performed by writing a data word of 00000 into all address locations 00 to 07 (000 to 111 binary). gain selection the 16 5 crosspoints come in two versions depending on the desired gain of the analog circuit paths. the ad8106 device is unity gain and can be used for analog logic switching and other applications where unity gain is desired. the ad8106 can also be used for the input and interior sections of larger crosspoint arrays where termination of output signals is not usually used. the ad8106 outputs have very high impedance when their outputs are disabled. for devices that drive a terminated cable with its outputs, the ad8107 can be used. this device ha s a built-in gain of two that eliminates the need for a gain-of-two buffer to drive a video line. because of the presence of the feedback network in these devices, the disabled output impedance is about 1 k. creating larger crosspoint arrays the ad8106/ad8107 are high density building blocks that create crosspoint arrays for dimensions larger than 16 5. various features such as output disable, chip enable, and gain- of-one and gain-of-two options are useful for creating larger arrays. for very large arrays, they can be used with the ad8114 / ad8115 , 16 16 video crosspoint devices, or the ad8110 / ad8111 , 16 x 8 video crosspoint devices. when required for customizing a crosspoint array size, the parts can also be used with the ad8108 and ad8109 , a pair (unity gain and gain-of-two) of 8 8 video crosspoint switches. the first consideration in constructing a larger crosspoint is to determine the minimum number of required devices. the 16 5 architecture of the ad8106/ad8107 contains 80 points. for a nonblocking crosspoint, the number of points required is the product of the number of inputs multiplied by the number of outputs. nonblocking requires that the programming of a given input to one or more outputs does not restrict the availability of that input to be a source for any other output. some nonblocking crosspoint architectures require more than this minimum as calculated above. in addition, there are blocking architectures that can be constructed with fewer devices than this minimum. these systems have connectivity available on a statistical basis that is determined when designing the overall system. the basic concept in constructing larger crosspoint arrays is to connect inputs in parallel in a horizontal direction and to wire-or the outputs together in a vertical direction.
ad8106/ad8107 rev. 0 | page 17 of 28 figure 46 illustrates this concept for a 32 5 crosspoint array. ad8106 or ad8107 16 16 r term r term in 00?15 ad8106 or ad8107 16 16 in 16?31 5 5 0 5774-047 figure 46. a 32 5 crosspoint array using two ad8106s or two ad8107s the inputs are uniquely assigned to each of the 32 inputs of the two devices and terminated appropriately. the outputs are wire- ored together in pairs. the output from only one of a wire-ored pair should be enabled at any given time. the device program- ming software must be properly written to cause this to happen. at some point, the number of outputs that are wire-ored becomes too great to maintain system performance. this varies according to which system specifications are most important. it also depends on whether the matrix consists of ad8106s or ad8107s. the output disabled impedance of the ad8106 is much higher than that of the ad8107. as a result, its disabled parasitics have a smaller effect on the one output that is enabled. for example, a 128 5 crosspoint can be created with eight ad8106s/ad8107s. this design has 128 separate inputs and the corresponding outputs of each device wire- ored together in groups of eight. using additional crosspoint devices in the design can lower the number of outputs that must be wire-ored together. figure 47 shows a block diagram of a system using eight ad8106s and two ad8107s to create a nonblocking, gain-of-two, 128 5 crosspoint that restricts the wire-oring at the output to only four outputs. additionally, by using the lower four outputs from each of the two rank 2 ad8107s, a blocking 128 10 crosspoint array can be realized. there are, however, some drawbacks to this technique. the offset voltages of the various cascaded devices accumulate and the bandwidth limitations of the devices compound. the extra devices also consume more current and take up more board space. once again, the overall system design specifica- tions determine which tradeoffs should be made. 5 5 5 5 rank 2 16:8 nonblocking (16:16 blocking) rank 1 (8 ad8106) 128:16 5 5 5 5 ad8107 ad8107 ad8106 ad8106 ad8106 ad8106 ad8106 ad8106 ad8106 ad8106 out 00?04 nonblocking additional 5 outputs (subject to blocking) 1k? 1k? 1k ? 1k ? 05774-048 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 16 in 00?15 r term 16 in 16?31 r term 16 in 32?47 r term 16 in 48?63 r term 16 in 64?79 r term 16 in 80?95 r term 16 in 96?111 r term 16 in 112?127 r term figure 47. a gain-of-two 128 5 nonblockin g crosspoint array (128 10 blocking)
ad8106/ad8107 rev. 0 | page 18 of 28 in addition, crosstalk can occur among the inputs to a crosspoint as well as among the outputs. it can also occur from input to output. refer to the crosstalk many systems, such as broadcast video, handle numerous analog signal channels that have strict requirements for keeping the various signals from influencing others in the system. crosstalk is the term used to describe the undesired coupling between signals of other nearby channels to a given channel. input and output crosstalk section for techniques to diagnose which part of a system is contributing to crosstalk. measuring crosstalk crosstalk is measured by applying a signal to one or more channels and measuring the relative strength of that signal on a desired selected channel. the measurement is usually expressed as db down from the magnitude of the test signal. the crosstalk is expressed by when many signals are in close proximity in a system, as is undoubtedly the case in a system that uses the ad8106/ ad8107, the crosstalk issues can be quite complex. a good understanding of the nature of crosstalk and its associated terms is required to specify a system that uses one or more ad8106s/ad8107s. ( )( ) ( ) satestsasel xt / log20 10 = (1) types of crosstalk where: crosstalk can be propagated by means of one of three methods. these fall into the categories of electric field, magnetic field, and sharing of common impedances. this section explains these effects. s = jw is the laplace transform variable. asel(s) is the amplitude of the crosstalk-induced signal in the selected channel. atest(s) is the amplitude of the test signal. every conductor can be both a radiator of electric fields and a receiver of electric fields. the electric field crosstalk mechanism occurs when the electric field created by the transmitter propagates across a stray capacitance (free space, for example), couples with the receiver, and induces a voltage. this voltage is an unwanted crosstalk signal in any channel that receives it. it can be seen that crosstalk is a function of frequency, but not a function of the test signals magnitude (to first order). the crosstalk signal also has a phase relative to its associated test signal. a network analyzer is most commonly used to measure crosstalk over a frequency range of interest. it can provide both magnitude and phase information about the crosstalk signal. currents flowing into conductors create magnetic fields that circulate around the currents. these magnetic fields then generate voltages in any other conductors whose paths they link. the undesired induced voltages in these channels are crosstalk signals. the channels that crosstalk have a mutual inductance that couples signals from one channel to another. as a crosspoint system or device grows, the number of theoretical crosstalk combinations and permutations can become extremely large. for example, in the case of the 16 x 5 matrix of the ad8106/ad8107, examine the number of crosstalk terms that can be considered for a single channel, such as the in00 input. in00 is programmed to connect to one of the ad8106/ad8107 outputs where the measurement can be made. the power supplies, grounds, and other signal return paths of a multichannel system are generally shared by the various channels. when a current from one channel flows into one of these paths, a voltage develops across the impedance and becomes an input crosstalk signal for other channels that share the common impedance. first, measure the crosstalk terms associated with driving a test signal into each of the other 15 inputs one at a time. then measure the crosstalk terms associated with driving a parallel test signal into all 15 other inputs taken two at a time in all possible combinations; and then three at a time, and so on, until finally, there is only one way to drive a test signal into all 15 other inputs. all these sources of crosstalk are vector quantities, so the magni- tudes cannot simply be added together to obtain the total crosstalk. in fact, there are conditions when driving additional circuits in parallel in a given configuration can actually reduce the crosstalk. each of these cases is legitimately different from the others and could yield a unique value depending on the resolution of the measurement system. however, it is impractical to measure all of these terms and then to specify them. in addition, this describes the crosstalk matrix for only one input channel. a similar crosstalk matrix can be proposed for every other input. if the possible combinations and permutations for connecting inputs to the other outputs (not used for measurement) are taken into consideration, the numbers grow rather quickly to astronomical proportions. if a larger crosspoint array of multiple ad8106/ad8107s is constructed, the numbers grow larger still. areas of crosstalk a practical ad8106/ad8107 circuit is required to be mounted to some sort of circuit board to connect to power supplies and measurement equipment. great care has been taken to create a characterization board (also available as an evaluation board) that adds minimum crosstalk to the intrinsic device. this, however, raises the issue that a systems crosstalk is a combination of the devices intrinsic crosstalk and the circuit board to which they are mounted. it is important to try to separate these two areas of crosstalk when attempting to minimize its effect.
ad8106/ad8107 rev. 0 | page 19 of 28 obviously, some subset of all these cases must be selected to be used as a guide for a practical measure of crosstalk. one common method is to measure all hostile crosstalk, which means that the crosstalk to the selected channel is measured while all other system channels are driven in parallel. in general, this yields the worst crosstalk number, but this is not always the case due to the vector nature of the crosstalk signal. from a circuit standpoint, the input crosstalk mechanism looks like a capacitor coupling to a resistive load. for low frequencies, the magnitude of the crosstalk is given by ( ) [ ] scr xt m s = 10 log20 (2) where: r s is the source resistance. c other useful crosstalk measurements are those created by one of the nearest neighbors or by two of the nearest neighbors on either side. these crosstalk measurements are generally higher than those of more distant channels, so they can serve as a worst-case measure for any other one-channel or two-channel crosstalk measurements. m is the mutual capacitance between the test signal circuit and the selected circuit. s is the laplace transform variable. equation 2 shows that this crosstalk mechanism has a high-pass nature; it can also be minimized by reducing the coupling capacitance of the input circuits and lowering the output impedance of the drivers. if the input is driven from a 75 terminated cable, the input crosstalk can be reduced by buffering this signal with a low output impedance buffer. input and output crosstalk the flexible programming capability of the ad8106/ad8107 can be used to diagnose whether crosstalk is occurring more on the input side or the output side. for example, a given input channel, such as in07 in the middle, can be programmed to drive out01. the input to in07 is terminated to ground (via 50 or 75 ) and no signal is applied. on the output side, the crosstalk can be reduced by driving a lighter load. although the ad8106/ad8107 are specified with excellent differential gain and phase when driving a standard 150 video load, the crosstalk is higher than the minimum obtainable because of the high output currents. these currents induce crosstalk via the mutual inductance of the output pins and bond wires of the ad8106/ad8107. all the other inputs are driven in parallel with the same test signal (practically provided by a distribution amplifier) with all other outputs disabled, except out01. because grounded in07 is programmed to drive out01, no signal should be present. if any signal is present, it can be attributed to the other 15 hostile input signals because no other outputs are driven; that is, they are all disabled. thus, this method measures the all-hostile input contribution to crosstalk into in07. this method can also be used for other input channels and combinations of hostile inputs. from a circuit standpoint, this output crosstalk mechanism looks like a transformer with a mutual inductance between the windings that drive a load resistor. for low frequencies, the magnitude of the crosstalk is given by ( ) l rsmxy xt / log20 10 = (3) for output crosstalk measurement, a single input channel (in00, for example) is driven and all outputs other than a given output are programmed to connect to in00. out01 is programmed to connect to in15, which is far away from in00, and is terminated to ground. as a result, out01 should not have a signal present because it is listening for a quiet input. any signal measured at the out01 can be attributed to the output crosstalk of the other seven hostile outputs. again, this method can be modified to measure other channels and other crosspoint matrix combinations. where: mxy is the mutual inductance of output x to output y . r is the load resistance on the measured output. l this crosstalk mechanism can be minimized by keeping the mutual inductance low and increasing r l . the mutual inductance can be kept low by increasing the spacing of the conductors and minimizing their parallel length. pcb layout effect of impedances on crosstalk extreme care must be exercised to minimize additional crosstalk generated by the system circuit board(s). the areas that must be carefully detailed are grounding, shielding, signal routing, and supply bypassing. the input side crosstalk can be influenced by the output impedance of the sources that drive the inputs. the lower the impedance of the drive source, the lower the magnitude of the crosstalk. the dominant crosstalk mechanism on the input side is capacitive coupling. the high impedance inputs do not have significant current flow to create magnetically induced crosstalk. however, significant current can flow through the input termination resistors and the loops that drive them. thus, the pc board on the input side can contribute to magnetically coupled crosstalk. the packaging of the ad8106/ad8107 is designed to help keep the crosstalk to a minimum. each input is separated from other inputs by an analog ground pin. all of these agnds should be connected directly to the ground plane of the circuit board. these ground pins provide shielding, low impedance return paths, and physical separation for the inputs. all of these help to reduce crosstalk.
ad8106/ad8107 rev. 0 | page 20 of 28 each output is separated from its two neighboring outputs by an analog ground pin and an analog supply pin of one polarity or the other. each of these analog supply pins provides power to the output stages for only the two nearest outputs. these supply pins and analog grounds provide shielding, physical separation, and a low impedance supply for the outputs. individual bypassing of these supply pins with a 0.01 f chip capacitor directly to the ground plane minimizes high frequency output crosstalk via the mechanism of sharing common impedances. each output also has an on-chip compensation capacitor that is individually tied to the nearby analog ground pins agnd00 through agnd03. this technique reduces crosstalk by preventing the currents that flow in these paths from sharing a common impedance on the ic and in the package pins. these agndxx signals should all be connected directly to the ground plane. the input and output signals have minimum crosstalk if they are located between ground planes on layers above and below, and separated by ground in between. vias should be located as close to the ic as possible to carry the inputs and outputs to the inner layer. the only place the input and output signals surface is at the input termination resistors and the output series back termination resistors. these signals should also be separated, to the largest extent possible, as soon as they emerge from the ic package.
ad8106/ad8107 rev. 0 | page 21 of 28 evaluation board w = 0.008" (0.2mm) a = 0.008" (0.2mm) b = 0.024" (0.6mm) h = 0.011325" (0.288mm) t = 0.00135" (0.0343mm) component layer signal routing laye r power plane layer bottom layer 05774-049 a 4-layer evaluation board is available for the ad8106/ ad8107. the same board and external components are used for each device. the only difference is the device itself, which offers a selection of a gain of unity or a gain of two through the analog channels. this board has been carefully laid out and tested to demonstrate the specified high speed performance of the device. figure 49 shows the schematic of the evaluation board. figure 50 shows the component side silkscreen. the layout of the boards four layers are given in: figure 48. cross section of input and output traces the board has 24 bnc-type connectors: 16 inputs and 8 outputs. the connectors are arranged in a crescent around the device. as shown in ? component layer (see figure 51 ) figure 53 , this results in all 16 input signal traces and all 8 signal output traces having the same length. this is useful in tests such as all-hostile crosstalk where the phase relationship and delay between signals needs to be maintained from input to output. ? signal routing layer (see figure 52 ) ? power layer (see figure 53 ) ? bottom layer (see figure 54 ) the evaluation board package includes the following: the three power supply pins, avcc, dvcc, and avee, should be connected to good quality, low noise, 5 v supplies. while the same 5 v power supplies are used for analog and digital, separate cables should be run for the power supply to the evaluation boards analog and digital power supply pins. ? fully populated board with bnc-type connectors. ? windows?-based software for controlling the board from a pc via the printer port. as a general rule, each power supply pin (or group of adjacent power supply pins) should be locally decoupled with a 0.01 f capacitor. if there is a space constraint, decouple analog power supply pins before digital power supply pins. a 0.1 f capacitor located reasonably close to the pins can be used to decouple a number of power supply pins. finally, a 10 f capacitor should be used to decouple power supplies as they come on to the board. ? custom cable to connect evaluation board to pc. ? disk containing gerber files of board layout. optimized for video applications, all signal inputs and outputs are terminated with 75 resistors. stripline techniques are used to achieve a characteristic impedance on the signal input and output lines, also of 75 . figure 48 shows a cross section of one of the input or output tracks along with the arrangement of the pcb layers. note that unused regions of the four layers are filled up with ground planes. as a result, the input and output traces, in addition to having controlled impedances, are well shielded.
ad8106/ad8107 rev. 0 | page 22 of 28 75 ? avee 41 40 39 65 64 input 00 in00 agnd dgnd ce reserved update clk a0 a1 a2 d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 62 61 60 58 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 serial mode jump r25 20k? dvcc 42 avcc 38 37 36 avee 35 34 33 avcc 32 31 30 avee 29 28 27 avcc 26 25 24 avee 23 22 21 20 agnd out00 avee agnd out01 avcc agnd out02 avee agnd out03 avcc agnd out04 avee agnd nc avcc agnd nc avee agnd nc avcc 19 avcc avcc 18 avcc avee 17 avee 45 avee avee 44 avcc avcc 43 avcc avcc ad8106/ad8107 dvcc dgnd nc a v ee agnd a v c c nc p1-1 cr1 cr2 + + + p1-2 p1-3 p1-4 p1-5 p1-6 p1-7 0.1f 10f 0.1f 10f 0.1f 10f p2-5 p2-4 p2-3 p2-3 p2-1 p2-6 p2-5 p2-4 p2-3 p2-2 p2-1 p2-6 p2-5 p2-4 63 0.01f 79 dvcc dvcc dvcc dvcc 46 agnd 0.01f 0.01f 0.01f 0.01f 0.01f 0.01f 0.01f 0.01f 0.01f 0.01f 0.01f 0.01f 0.01f 75 ? 75 ? 75 ? 75 ? 75 ? 67 66 input 01 in01 agnd 75 ? 69 68 input 02 in02 agnd 75 ? 71 70 input 03 in03 agnd 75 ? 73 72 input 04 in04 agnd 75 ? 75 74 input 05 in05 agnd 75 ? 77 76 input 06 in06 agnd 75 ? 78 input 07 in07 75 ? 2 1 input 08 in08 agnd 75 ? 4 3 input 09 in09 agnd 75 ? 6 5 input 10 in10 agnd 75 ? 8 7 input 11 in11 agnd 75 ? 10 9 input 12 in12 agnd 75 ? 12 11 input 14 in13 agnd 75 ? 14 13 input 14 in14 agnd 75 ? 16 15 input 15 in15 agnd 75 ? reset 05774-050 59 reserved p2-5 p2-4 p2-2 p2-3 p2-1 p2-6 57 reserved 80 dgnd figure 49. evaluation board schematic
ad8106/ad8107 rev. 0 | page 23 of 28 0 5774-051 ad8106 ad8107 figure 50. component side silkscreen 05774-052 figure 51. board layo ut (component side) 05774-053 figure 52. board layout (signal routing layer)
ad8106/ad8107 rev. 0 | page 24 of 28 05774-054 figure 53. board layout (power plane layer) 05774-055 figure 54. board layout (bottom layer)
ad8106/ad8107 rev. 0 | page 25 of 28 controlling the evaluation board from a pc when launching the crosspoint control software, users are asked to select their desired printer port. most modern pcs have only one printer port, usually called lpt1. however, some laptop computers use the prn port. the evaluation board includes windows-based control software and a custom cable that connects the boards digital interface to the printer port of a pc. the wiring of this cable is shown in figure 56 shows the main screen of the control software in its initial reset state (all outputs off). using the mouse, any input can be connected with one or more outputs by simply clicking on the appropriate radio buttons in the 16 8 on-screen array. each time a button is clicked on, the software automatically sends and latches the required 40-bit data stream to the evaluation board. an output can be turned off by clicking the appropriate button in the off column. to turn all outputs on, click figure 55 . the software requires windows 3.1 or later to operate. before the start of the installation, terminate any other windows applications that are running. to install the software, insert the disk labeled disk #1 of 2 in the pc and run the setup.exe file. additional installation instructions are given on-screen. clk data in reset update ce dgnd molex 0.100" center crimp terminal housing 1 6 d-sub 25 pin (male) 14 1 25 13 evaluation board pc 2 3 4 5 6 25 3 1 4 5 2 6 signal data in ce reset update clk dgnd molex terminal housing d-sub-25 05774-056 reset . the software offers volatile and nonvolatile configuration storage. for volatile storage, up to two configurations can be stored and recalled using the memory 1 buffer and memory 2 buffer. these function in an identical fashion to the memory on a pocket calculator. for nonvolatile storage of a configuration, the save setup and load setup functions can be used. this stores the configuration as a data file on disk. data-line overshoot on printer ports the data lines on some printer ports have excessive overshoot. overshoot on the pin that is used as the serial clock (pin 6 on the d-sub-25 connector) can cause communication problems. this overshoot can be eliminated by connecting a capacitor from the clk line on the evaluation board to ground. a pad has been provided on the solder side of the evaluation board to allow this capacitor to be soldered into place. depending upon the overshoot from the printer port, this capacitor may need to be as large as 0.01 f. figure 55. evaluation board pc connection cable
ad8106/ad8107 rev. 0 | page 26 of 28 0 5774-057 ad8106/ad8107 figure 56. evaluation board control panel
ad8106/ad8107 rev. 0 | page 27 of 28 outline dimensions compliant to jedec standards ms-026-bdd 0.15 0.05 1.45 1.40 1.35 0.20 0.09 0.08 max coplanarity view a rotated 90 ccw seating plane 7 3.5 0 top view (pins down) 1 21 41 40 60 61 80 20 12.00 bsc sq 0.50 bsc lead pitch 0.27 0.22 0.17 14.00 bsc sq 1.60 max 0.75 0.60 0.45 view a pin 1 figure 57. 80-lead low profile quad flat package [lqfp] (st-80-1) dimensions shown in millimeters ordering guide model temperature range package description package option ad8106astz ?40c to +85c 80-lead low profile quad flat package [lqfp] st-80-1 1 ad8107astz 1 ?40c to +85c 80-lead low profile quad flat package [lqfp] st-80-1 ad8106-eb evaluation board AD8107-EB evaluation board 1 z = pb-free part.
ad8106/ad8107 rev. 0 | page 28 of 28 t notes ?2006 analog devices, inc. all rights reserved. trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners. d05774-0-3/06(0) ttt

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